Biology
Human Digestive System Parts & their Functions
What is the path that food takes through the digestive system in your body?
Human Digestive system parts are the liver, glands, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, mouth, etc. There are totally 6 main functions of the Human Digestive System. These processes or functions are:
- Ingestion
- Motility
- Secretion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
The Digestive System Parts are mentioned and explained below with the functions of all these parts. The Secretion is also mentioned in the table.
Organ |
Function |
Secretion |
Oral Cavity |
||
| Teeth | Mastication, Communication. | None |
| Lips and Cheeks | Manipulation of food, holding food in position between teeth, communication. | Saliva from buccal glands (only mucous). |
| Tongue | Manipulation of food, holding food in position between teeth, cleaning of the teeth and the taste. | Some mucous and a small amount of serous fluid. |
Salivary Glands |
||
| Parotid Glands | Secretion of saliva through ducts to the superior and posterior part of the oral cavity. | Saliva with amylase. |
| Sub-Mandibular Glands | Secretion of saliva on the floor of the oral cavity. | Saliva with amylase and mucous. |
| Sublingual Glands | Secretion of saliva on the floor of the oral cavity. | Mucous saliva only. |
Pharynx |
Deglutition (movement of food from the oral cavity to the esophagus). | Some mucous. |
Esophagus |
Movement of food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach. | Mucous. |
Stomach(Mechanical mixing of food, enzymatic digestion, storage, absorption) |
||
| Mucous cells | Protection of stomach wall by mucous protection. | Mucous |
| Parietal cells | Decrease in stomach PH. | Hydrochloric Acid |
| Zymogen cells | Protein Digestion. | Pepsinogen |
| Endocrine cells | Regulation of secretion and motility. | Gastrin |
Accessory Gland |
||
| Liver | Secretion of bile into the duodenum. | Bile |
| Gall Bladder | Bile storage, absorb water and electrolytes into concentrated bile. | None of its own secretion stores and concentrates bile. |
| pancreas | Secretion of several digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum. | Trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and bicarbonates. |
Small Intestine |
||
| Duodenal glands | Protection | Mucous |
| Goblet cells | Protection | Mucous |
| Absorptive cells | Secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of digestive materials. | Enterokinase, amylase, peptidases, sucrose, maltase, lactase, and lipase. |
| Endocrine cells | Regulation of secretion and motility. | Gastrin, secretin. |
Large Intestine |
||
| Goblet cell | Absorption, storage and food movement, protection. | Mucous. |
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