Examples of Amines
We explain that what are examples of amines? The amines are organic chemicals containing nitrogen. They carry in their molecules alkyl radicals , made up of a chain of carbon and hydrogen, and an amino functional group , which is a nitrogen atom linked to hydrogen atoms. Amines can have one, two, or three alkyl radicals.
Types of amines
Amines are considered derived from ammonia NH 3 , by substitution of their hydrogens with alkyl radicals. Depending on the alkyl radicals they have , amines can be primary, secondary, and tertiary. They have the following forms:
- Primary amine: R-NH 2
- Secondary amine: R-NH-R
- Tertiary amine: R 2 -NR
On the other hand, depending on the number of amino groups they have, they can be amines, diamines or polyamines.
- Amine: CH 3 NH 2 (methylamine); CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 (ethylamine)
- Diamine: NH 2 NH 2 (hydrazine); H 2 N-CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 (1,2-ethanediamine)
- Polyamine: (CH 3 ) 3 N (trimethylamine)
Properties of amines
The simplest amine is methylamine CH 3 NH 2 . The next largest homologue is ethylamine CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 . Also dimethylamine CH 3 NHCH 3 has two carbon atoms, but it is a secondary amine. Both have the molecular formula C 2 H 7 N; they are isomers. The simplest amines resemble ammonia in their basicity and other properties.
The methylamine CH 3 NH 2 has the following properties:
- Colorless gas
- Strong fish-like odor
- Molecular weight: 31g / mol
- Density: 0.699 g / m 3
- Melting point: -94 ° C
- Boiling point: -55.95 ° C
The ethylamine CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 has the following properties:
- Colorless gas
- Pungent odor
- Molecular weight: 45 g / mol
- Density: 0.689 g / m 3
- Melting point: -81 ° C
- Boiling point: 17 ° C
The phenylamine aniline or C 6 H 5 NH 2 has the following properties:
- Transparent liquid, slightly yellow
- Molecular weight: 93 g / mol
- Density: 1.0217 g / m 3
- Melting point: -7 ° C
- Boiling point: 184 ° C
The dimethylamine CH 3 NHCH 3 has the following properties:
- Colorless and foul-smelling gas
- Molecular weight: 45 g / mol
- Density: 0.670 g / m 3
- Melting point: -92 ° C
- Boiling point: 7 ° C
The NH hydrazine 2 NH 2 has the following properties:
- Colorless and oily liquid
- Fuming in the air
- Hygroscopic (absorbs water from the environment)
- Molecular weight: 32 g / mol
- Density: 1.008 g / cm 3
- Melting point: 1.5 ° C
- Boiling point: 113.5 ° C
- Toxic
To give an amine an IUPAC name , the alkyl radical (or radicals) is named first, and the word is completed with the suffix “amine.” When there are two or three equal radicals, the prefix “di”, “tri” (dimethyl, trimethyl) is added.
Alkyl radical + “amine”
For example:
- CH 3 NH 2 Methylamine
- CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 Ethylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 CH 3 MethylEthylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 3 Dimethylamine
- (CH 3 ) 3 N Trimethylamine
When there are two amino groups in a hydrocarbon chain, there are three steps to follow:
- The position number of the amino groups is indicated, according to the carbons to which they are attached.
- The name of the alkane to which the number of carbons corresponds is written.
- It ends with the numerical prefix “di” in the word “amine” (“diamine”).
Position numbers + Alkane + “diamine”
For example:
- NH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 1,1-methanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,2-ethanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,3-propanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,4-butanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,5-pentanediamine
Some of the most important amines
Amines of special interest are generally of high molecular weight and with complex structures. Among them are:
- Amphetamine C 6 H 5 -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -NH 2 : it is used as a stimulant substance, to maintain alertness and takes energy to carry out activities. It is not so legal to consume or commercialize it due to the immediacy of its effects and its consequences.
- 1,6-hexanediamine H 2 N- (CH 2 ) 6 -NH 2 : is a chemical agent that participates in the synthesis of nylon, a polymer.
- Cadaverine or 1,5-pentanediamine H 2 N- (CH 2 ) 5 -NH 2 : it is the substance that emits the smell of rotten meat.
- Aniline or aminobenzene C 6 H 5 -NH 2 : is the ingredient in fabric dyes, which are sold in sachets with colored powder, and are added to hot baths where the clothes to be dyed are immersed.
Examples of amines
- CH 3 NH 2 Methylamine
- CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 Ethylamine
- CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Propylamine
- CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Butylamine
- CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Pentylamine
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 2 NH 2 Hexylamine
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 2 NH 2 Heptylamine
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 2 NH 2 Octylamine
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 2 NH 2 Nonylamine
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 2 NH 2 Decylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 3 Dimethylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 CH 3 MethylEthylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 MethylPropylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 MethylButylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 MethylPentylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 MethylHexylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 Methyl Heptylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 MethylOctylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 MethylNonylamine
- CH 3 NHCH 2 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 MethylDecylamine
- (CH 3 ) 3 N Trimethylamine
- NH 2 NH 2 Hydrazine
- NH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 1,1-methanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,2-ethanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,3-propanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,4-butanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 1,5-pentanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 2 -NH 2 1,6-hexanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 2 -NH 2 1,7-heptanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 2 -NH 2 1,8-octanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 2 -NH 2 1,9-nonanediamine
- NH 2 -CH 2 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 2 -NH 2 1,10-decanediamine
