Examples of Molecules
We explain that what are examples of molecules of elements? The molecules are groups of two or more atoms , which may be the same element or different, and which are connected via links . This union creates a new substance, with its particular physical and chemical properties. Unlike elements, whose structural unit is the atom, chemical compounds have the molecule as a basic particle , which is stable and electrically neutral. examples of molecules of elements
Types of molecules examples of molecules of elements
Molecules can be formed by the electrostatic attraction of two ions, which are electrically charged particles that in turn carry one or more atoms. The positive charges (cations) bind to the negative charges (anions) until they cancel each other and achieve an uncharged particle. This union is called an ionic bond. This is how the so-called ionic molecules are formed . This type of molecule is characterized by the fact that, when dissolved in water, they separate again into their ions.
Another way molecules can be formed is by sharing valence electrons . The atoms of various elements are capable of joining with others either by contributing their own valence electrons or by receiving them. In this way, enough atoms will join together so that they all reach eight electrons in their last shell. This union is called a covalent bond, and this is how the so-called covalent molecules are formed . They are chemically stable and poorly soluble in water. examples of molecules of elements
Number of atoms in a molecule
Among the molecules of a single element are those of gases such as hydrogen (H 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), fluorine (F 2 ), chlorine (Cl 2 ), bromine (Br 2 ). Containing two atoms, they are called diatomic molecules . Later there are them with two different elements, such as that of water (H 2 O), that of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and that of methane (CH 4 ). Molecules with three different elements range from oxyacids and oxysalts to derived organic compounds. examples of molecules of elements
These are, for example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), potassium phosphate ( K 3 PO 4 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). In each molecule, the three elements are joined in such a way that the electric charges end up neutral and each of its elements has its full electrons. Otherwise, they will tend to receive more atoms in the molecule until a stable structure is achieved.
Organic molecules usually have a highly variable number of atoms, from five in methane (CH 4 ), which is the simplest alkane, to an infinity of them in polymers, which are sequences of small structures that repeat themselves indefinitely until they form a material like plastics. For example, polyethylene has ethylene structures (–CH 2 –CH 2 -) n that are repeated in a long chain, thus forming the plastic material that we all know.
Spherical model of molecules.
50 examples of molecules
- Hydrogen H2
- Nitrogen N2
- Oxygen O2
- Fluorine F2
- Chlorine Cl2
- Bromine Br2
- H2O water v
- Carbon monoxide CO
- Carbon dioxide CO2
- Sulfur dioxide SO2
- Sulfur trioxide SO3
- Sodium oxide Na2O
- Potassium oxide K2O
- NaCl sodium chloride
- Potassium Chloride KCl
- Hydrochloric acid HCl
- Hydrogen sulfide H2S
- Hypochlorous acid HClO
- Perchloric acid HClO4
- Sulfuric acid H2SO4
- Potassium nitrate KNO3
- Silver Nitrate AgNO3
- Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3
- Calcium carbonate CaCO3
- CH4 methane
- Ethane C2H6 examples of molecules of elements
- Propane C3H8
- Butane C4H10
- Benzene C6H6
- Ethylene CH2 = CH2
- Propylene CH2 = CH-CH3
- Butylene CH2 = CH – CH2 – CH3
- Methyl Alcohol CH3OH
- Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH
- Propyl alcohol C3H7OH
- Isopropyl alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH
- Formic acid HCOOH
- Acetic acid CH3COOH
- Propionic acid CH3CH2COOH
- CH3OCH3 methyl ether
- CH3OCH2CH3 Methylethyl Ether
- Ethyl Ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3
- Methylamine CH3NH2
- Ethylamine CH3CH2NH2
- Propylamine CH3CH2CH2NH2
- Glucose C6H12O6
- Sucrose C12H22O11
- Toluene C6H5CH3
- Phenol C6H5OH examples of molecules of elements
- Benzoic acid C6H5COOH
