Ontology is the branch of philosophy that is responsible for carrying out the study of being, thus analyzing its existence, the nature that characterizes it and its reality in order to reach a correct conclusion regarding the origin and purpose of being. on this plane.

Ontology performs an extensive evaluation regarding this reality and the abstract , the existence of various entities, what is known as real and what is not, what is the essence of being and its real meaning among many other things that can define it.

Ontology and metaphysics

It is important to note that throughout history they have confused this term with metaphysics ; In this sense, we must emphasize that ontology is one of the various aspects of metaphysics that is responsible for investigating the various fundamental aspects of a given entity.

Infinity of questions related to thought corresponds to this study, among those questions we can find the existence of a God or superior being, the abstract entity and mental entities.

The philosopher Plato conducted a study that is based on the differentiation between the tangible and intangible, what can be observed through the senses and what cannot. Both perceptions are a product of reality but the intangible is a consequential part of reality, that is, as a reflection of the first.

It was perhaps Aristotle who managed to develop this discipline to the point where its influence survived many years. He will speak of the existence of substances and matter to account for the universal and the particular. Any object is the union of matter with its accidents and the substantial form.

In view of the diversity of entities that exist, the ontology has been in charge of studying each one separately and the relationship that exists between them.

Entity types

• Abstract: according to studies of metaphysics, entities can be divided into two which are abstract and concrete. In the first group we can find the numbers, concepts, sets, among others, while in the second group we can find the planets, objects, plants and much more.
• Common sense: it refers to the existential explanation of something in particular that can be established from the identification of a particular object to its detailed breakdown into subatomic particles or molecular composition.
• Universal: it is known in the same way as attributes, qualities and properties, this allows us human beings to identify specific entities giving a particular meaning to a defined element or matter.
• Mental entity: it is very similar to common sense problems, based on the real existence of thoughts, mind, reasoning and memory. Study if these elements are real or fictitious since the mind, in the eyes of science, is clearly material. That is, it escapes the eyes of science as we think of it, being unobservable.

Ontology examples

1. The thoughts
2. The ideas
3. The existence of god
4. The soul
5. The spirit
6. Life beyond death